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Ad Hoc Query on challenges and opportunities in the use of digital services in legal migration procedures

14/12/2025

This ad hoc query, which informed the preparation of an EMN Inform, collected information on how EMN Member and Observer Countries have adapted digital services in legal migration procedures to ensure accessibility and inclusion for applicants with disabilities and digitally disadvantaged applicants. It examined compliance with relevant EU and international frameworks, as well as national legislation. It also explored additional accessibility measures, support for users with special needs, GDPR safeguards, user involvement in service design, and approaches to digital disadvantage, alongside challenges and good practices identified by countries.

Theme:
Economic migration
Family Migration
Student Migration
Citizenship & Nationality
Borders & Visa
Publication type:
Ad Hoc Queries
Keywords:
legal migration
digitalisation
accessibility
inclusion

Myria presents the latest data on family reunification in Belgium

27/11/2025

Myria, the Federal Migration Centre, has published a new thematic report on the right to family life as part of its annual report "Migration in Figures and Rights 2025". The report provides updated data on first residence permits and visas for family reasons. It also examines recent legislative reforms, which Myria stresses will need close monitoring due to their potential impact on access to family reunification, integration outcomes, and the risk of poverty.

Theme:
Family Migration
Type:
News item
Keywords:
family life
first residence permit
family reunification visa

The Federal Ombudsman recommends reviewing the in-person requirement for visa applications

25/11/2025

The Federal Ombudsman has highlighted persistent challenges for individuals required to submit visa applications in person at Belgian diplomatic or consular posts. These requirements can create significant financial, administrative, and security burdens, particularly for applicants living far from a competent post or in conflict-affected regions. The Ombudsman recommends reviewing visa submission procedures to improve accessibility and consistency.

Theme:
Family Migration
Borders & Visa
Type:
News item
Keywords:
visa application
diplomatic post
consular post
submission
Afrin

Ad Hoc Query on residence permits for the purpose of studies of third-country national minors

14/11/2025

This ad hoc query maps the legislation and current practices in EMN Member and Observer Countries regarding the issuance of authorisations to stay for study purposes granted to minors. This mapping includes eligibility criteria, procedural requirements, and information on who assumes responsibility for the minor during their stay in the receiving country.

Theme:
Student Migration
Publication type:
Ad Hoc Queries
Keywords:
residence permit
authorisation to stay
minor
education

Ad Hoc Query on procedures for providing missing or supplementary information in application processes

10/11/2025

This ad hoc query examines whether national procedures allow or require immigration officers to request missing or additional information from applicants for legal migration after an initially incomplete application, and, if so, under what circumstances, to what extent, and within which deadlines.

Theme:
Economic migration
Family Migration
Student Migration
Publication type:
Ad Hoc Queries
Keywords:
legal migration
application for a residence permit
missing information

Belgium repatriates 75 people from Gaza under family reunification

27/10/2025

On Monday, Belgium repatriated 75 people from the Gaza Strip. They arrived at Ostend airport in the afternoon. Belgian authorities report that around 850 eligible individuals have already been evacuated from Gaza. About 150 people remain on the list awaiting evacuation.

Theme:
Family Migration
Type:
News item
Keywords:
Gaza
evacuation
family member
Belgian
refugee
stateless persons

EMN Germany Conference: Family Reunification – between Human Rights and Migration Management

11/09/2025

The event will bring together experts from Germany and across Europe to discuss recent developments in family reunification. Debates will address the tension between safeguarding fundamental rights and meeting the requirements of migration management. Participants will explore how these priorities can be reconciled in practice through national and European approaches.

Theme:
Family Migration
Type:
Event
Keywords:
family reunification
fundamental right
migration management

Family reunification of third-country nationals: State of play of law and practice

06/10/2025

This study provides an overview of legal and policy developments related to the implementation of the Family Reunification Directive since 2017. It examines the current state of national legislation, policies, and practices following two decades of the Directive’s application, incorporating relevant case law and highlighting both challenges and best practices. It also presents data on the scale and evolution of family reunification between 2017 and 2023 (and 2024 where available), drawing on both Eurostat and national sources.

Theme:
Family Migration
Publication type:
Thematic Studies
Keywords:
Family Reunification Directive
application for family reunification
requirement
eligibility
sponsor
family member
digitalisation
access to rights

New Myria thematic report reveals trends in work and study migration in Belgium

19/09/2025

Myria, the Federal Migration Centre, has published a thematic report on economic migration, free movement and students as part of its annual report "Migration in figures and rights 2025". The publication explains trends in labour migration and study-related mobility. It shows that labour migration from outside the EU has slightly decreased, the share of third-country nationals among temporary postings has continued to grow, and student numbers are increasing.

Theme:
Economic migration
Student Migration
Type:
News item
Keywords:
Myria
annual report
labour migration
student migration
temporary posting

Red Cross Flanders records 156 new missing family cases in 2025

30/08/2025

Red Cross Flanders has opened 156 new cases this year concerning families who lost contact due to war, violence or migration, involving 337 individuals. The organisation works to reconnect families separated under these circumstances. Currently, 671 cases remain open in Flanders, while the international Red Cross network manages over 250.000 cases worldwide. Efforts cover more than twenty countries, including Ukraine, Afghanistan and Congo.

Theme:
Family Migration
Type:
News item
Keywords:
missing person
family tie
family member
family tracing

Belgium applies new family reunification rules

18/08/2025

From 18 August 2025, new rules for family reunification enter into force in Belgium. They do not apply to all applicants. Some cases continue under the old rules, others transition to the new rules in 2027, while certain applications are immediately subject to the new framework. This article explains who is affected and how the rules will change.

Theme:
Family Migration
Type:
News item
Keywords:
application for family reunification
family tie
income requirement
minimum age
housing

Ad Hoc Query on proof of necessary funds in study-based residence permit applications

15/08/2025

This ad hoc query examines how EMN Member and Observer countries verify that third-country nationals applying for residence permits with the purpose of study have sufficient funds to support themselves during their stay. The query also explores trends in the issuance of residence permits for third-country national students and their family members in recent years.

Theme:
Student Migration
Publication type:
Ad Hoc Queries
Keywords:
student
sufficient financial resources
documentary proof
residence permit
application for family reunification

Belgium tightens family reunification rules for foreign nationals

18/07/2025

The Belgian Chamber of Representatives has adopted new legislation modifying the conditions for family reunification under the law of 15 December 1980. The changes introduce stricter income requirements and modify waiting periods for certain categories of foreign nationals, particularly those benefiting from international or subsidiary protection. The legislation was approved with a majority vote during a plenary session and aims to regulate access to family reunification, a principal legal pathway for foreign nationals to join family members in Belgium.

Theme:
Family Migration
Type:
News item
Keywords:
application for family reunification
income requirement
waiting period
age limit

EU Court confirms that student-visa appeals must remain effective through timely decision-making

19/06/2025

On 19 June 2025, the Court of Justice of the European Union delivered a judgment in response to a request from the Brussels Court of First Instance (French-speaking) regarding appeal procedures following the refusal of student visas. The referral followed concerns raised by Belgian lawyers and the NGO CIRÉ, highlighting that late notification of refusals often prevents students from exercising an effective remedy. The Court clarified that, while no urgent procedure is required, national systems must ensure that visa decisions and related appeals are issued in time for a meaningful judicial review.

Theme:
Student Migration
Type:
News item
Keywords:
student visa
refusal
effective remedy

Migrant Education Policy Index (SIRIUS - Migration Policy Group)

01/05/2025

The 2025 SIRIUS Migrant Education Policy Index introduces a novel framework for evaluating inclusive education policies across 15 EU Member States. Structured around seven key dimensions, the Index highlights existing disparities and effective practices in supporting migrant learners. It underscores the urgent need for systemic reforms to ensure equitable and high-quality education for all students, regardless of migration background. The report advocates for a learner-centred approach prioritising structural flexibility, cultural and linguistic inclusion, and coordinated policy interventions.

Theme:
Integration
Student Migration
Publication type:
Report
Keywords:
education policy
Migrant education
migrant student
undocumented student

Myria raises concerns about the new government's family reunification policy

29/04/2025

Myria, the Federal Migration Centre, warns that the measures announced by the federal government in its "Easter Agreement" violate the right to family life. The institution announced in a press release published on Tuesday that it had shared its observations with the government and expressed hope for a constructive dialogue.

Theme:
Family Migration
Type:
News item
Keywords:
application for family reunification
right to family reunification
right to family life
income requirement
waiting period

Ad Hoc Query on family reunification of Syrian beneficiaries of international protection

28/04/2025

This ad hoc query compares the existing legislation in EMN Member and Observer Countries regarding the granting of protection statuses to family members of beneficiaries of international protection, as well as recent changes in practices in light of the regime change in Syria.

Theme:
International Protection
Family Migration
Publication type:
Ad Hoc Queries
Keywords:
application for family reunification
Syria
protection status
suspension
decision-making

EMN Belgium participates in a roundtable in the Senate on the abolition of female genital mutilation

05/02/2025

On 5 February 2025, the Belgian Contact Point to the European Migration Network (EMN) took part in a roundtable in the Senate, focusing on the abandonment of sexual mutilation. The Group for the Abolition of Sexual Mutilation (GAMS) inter alia stressed that it has limited visibility on individuals arriving in Belgium through family reunification, making it more difficult to raise awareness and monitor cases of female genital mutilation in the country.

Theme:
Family Migration
Type:
News item
Keywords:
sexual mutilation
female genital mutilation

The number of visas granted for family reunification in Belgium is increasing in 2024

28/01/2025

According to figures released by the Immigration Office, 20.724 decisions resulted in the granting of visas for family reunification in Belgium in 2024, compared to 18.738 in 2023 and 15.901 the year before. The increase concerns several categories, in particular family reunification with a refugee or beneficiary of subsidiary protection.

Theme:
Family Migration
Type:
News item
Keywords:
family reunification visa
upward trend

Ad Hoc Query on language proficiency requirements on family reunification and pre-entry language tests

05/01/2025

This ad hoc query maps the existence of language requirements prior to entry for family members of beneficiaries of international protection. Responding countries also report on experiences with pre-entry language requirements for other categories of residence permits, when applicable.

Theme:
Family Migration
Publication type:
Ad Hoc Queries
Keywords:
application for family reunification
beneficiary of international protection
language requirement
language learning
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