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Family reunification of third-country nationals: State of play of law and practice

06/10/2025

This study provides an overview of legal and policy developments related to the implementation of the Family Reunification Directive since 2017. It examines the current state of national legislation, policies, and practices following two decades of the Directive’s application, incorporating relevant case law and highlighting both challenges and best practices. It also presents data on the scale and evolution of family reunification between 2017 and 2023 (and 2024 where available), drawing on both Eurostat and national sources.

Theme:
Family Migration
Publication type:
Thematic Studies
Keywords:
Family Reunification Directive
application for family reunification
requirement
eligibility
sponsor
family member
digitalisation
access to rights

Council agrees on coordinated approach for transition out of temporary protection for displaced Ukrainians

16/09/2025

The Council of the European Union has adopted a recommendation outlining a common framework for the gradual transition of displaced Ukrainians out of temporary protection. The measures aim to support sustainable return and reintegration in Ukraine when conditions allow, while also facilitating access to other residence statuses for those eligible. The recommendation provides guidance on voluntary return, reintegration support and information systems for displaced persons.

 

Theme:
Temporary protection
Return & Readmission
Type:
News item
Keywords:
displaced person
Ukraine
residence permit
voluntary return
reintegration

Ad Hoc Query on termination of temporary protection residence permit upon granting in another EU Member State

31/08/2025

This ad hoc query examines whether EMN Member and Observer countries allow the revocation of temporary protection residence permits when beneficiaries are granted temporary protection in another Member State under Article 8(1) of Directive 2001/55/EC. It seeks to identify the legal provisions governing such revocation or, where applicable, alternative approaches.

Theme:
Temporary protection
Publication type:
Ad Hoc Queries
Keywords:
temporary protection
residence permit
revocation
termination

Red Cross Flanders records 156 new missing family cases in 2025

30/08/2025

Red Cross Flanders has opened 156 new cases this year concerning families who lost contact due to war, violence or migration, involving 337 individuals. The organisation works to reconnect families separated under these circumstances. Currently, 671 cases remain open in Flanders, while the international Red Cross network manages over 250.000 cases worldwide. Efforts cover more than twenty countries, including Ukraine, Afghanistan and Congo.

Theme:
Family Migration
Type:
News item
Keywords:
missing person
family tie
family member
family tracing

Belgium applies new family reunification rules

18/08/2025

From 18 August 2025, new rules for family reunification enter into force in Belgium. They do not apply to all applicants. Some cases continue under the old rules, others transition to the new rules in 2027, while certain applications are immediately subject to the new framework. This article explains who is affected and how the rules will change.

Theme:
Family Migration
Type:
News item
Keywords:
application for family reunification
family tie
income requirement
minimum age
housing

Belgium tightens family reunification rules for foreign nationals

18/07/2025

The Belgian Chamber of Representatives has adopted new legislation modifying the conditions for family reunification under the law of 15 December 1980. The changes introduce stricter income requirements and modify waiting periods for certain categories of foreign nationals, particularly those benefiting from international or subsidiary protection. The legislation was approved with a majority vote during a plenary session and aims to regulate access to family reunification, a principal legal pathway for foreign nationals to join family members in Belgium.

Theme:
Family Migration
Type:
News item
Keywords:
application for family reunification
income requirement
waiting period
age limit

EU Ministers extend temporary protection, discuss readmission cooperation, and update Schengen priorities

13/06/2025

At their meeting on 13 June 2025, EU Home Affairs Ministers reached a political agreement to extend by one year, until March 2027, the temporary protection for people displaced from Ukraine. They also discussed ways to improve readmission cooperation with third countries and endorsed new priorities for the Schengen area.

Theme:
Temporary protection
Borders & Visa
Return & Readmission
Type:
News item
Keywords:
Justice and Home Affairs Council
Ukraine
cooperation
third country
Schengen area

EU Commission proposes extension of temporary protection and coordinated transition for Ukrainians in the EU

04/06/2025

On 4 June 2025, the European Commission proposed extending temporary protection for displaced persons fleeing the conflict in Ukraine until 4 March 2027. The proposal aims to provide legal certainty to beneficiaries and Member States by maintaining a consistent standard of protection across the European Union. Additionally, the Commission proposed a set of measures to facilitate a coordinated transition out of temporary protection.

Theme:
Temporary protection
Type:
News item
Keywords:
Ukraine
displaced person
beneficiary of temporary protection
legal status
voluntary return
reintegration

Ad Hoc Query on support measures for beneficiaries of temporary protection

28/05/2025

This ad hoc query explores the types of support measures provided by EMN Member Countries to beneficiaries of temporary protection (BoTP), including accommodation, financial aid, administrative and logistical services, and medical care. It also examines the eligibility criteria for these measures, the differences from support offered to applicants for international protection (AIPs), and whether entitlements continue for BoTP who are employed. 

Theme:
Temporary protection
Publication type:
Ad Hoc Queries
Keywords:
beneficiary of temporary protection
support measures
accommodation
financial aid
medical care

EMN Estonia Conference: Beyond Temporary: Building for the Future

08/04/2025

The conference will explore the future of Ukrainian displaced persons beyond temporary protection and will bring together policymakers, experts, and stakeholders to discuss strategies for policy transitions, address employment related integration challenges, share best practices, and examine the role of the diaspora in supporting long-term solutions.

Theme:
Integration
Temporary protection
Type:
Event
Keywords:
beneficiary of temporary protection
Ukraine

Myria raises concerns about the new government's family reunification policy

29/04/2025

Myria, the Federal Migration Centre, warns that the measures announced by the federal government in its "Easter Agreement" violate the right to family life. The institution announced in a press release published on Tuesday that it had shared its observations with the government and expressed hope for a constructive dialogue.

Theme:
Family Migration
Type:
News item
Keywords:
application for family reunification
right to family reunification
right to family life
income requirement
waiting period

Ad Hoc Query on family reunification of Syrian beneficiaries of international protection

28/04/2025

This ad hoc query compares the existing legislation in EMN Member and Observer Countries regarding the granting of protection statuses to family members of beneficiaries of international protection, as well as recent changes in practices in light of the regime change in Syria.

Theme:
International Protection
Family Migration
Publication type:
Ad Hoc Queries
Keywords:
application for family reunification
Syria
protection status
suspension
decision-making

Ad Hoc Query on voluntary return of Ukrainian beneficiaries of temporary protection

07/03/2025

This ad hoc query examines the voluntary return procedures for Ukrainian nationals granted temporary protection in EU Member States, focusing on the support provided for their return and reintegration. The aim is to understand the various national approaches to facilitating voluntary returns, including whether reintegration assistance is offered and how these programmes are funded.

 

Theme:
Temporary protection
Return & Readmission
Publication type:
Ad Hoc Queries
Keywords:
beneficiary of temporary protection
voluntary return
reintegration
Ukraine

Belgium has issued temporary protection certificates to over 93.000 Ukrainians since early 2022

24/02/2025

Since the start of the war in Ukraine, Belgium has granted temporary protection to 93.343 Ukrainians, with a sharp decline beginning in 2023 and continuing into 2024 and early 2025. As the number of arrivals has slowed and the focus shifts to integration efforts, both the Flemish and Walloon governments plan to gradually reduce reception capacity for beneficiaries of temporary protection in the coming months.

Theme:
Data & Statistics
Temporary protection
Type:
News item
Keywords:
temporary protection
beneficiary of temporary protection
accommodation

EMN Belgium participates in a roundtable in the Senate on the abolition of female genital mutilation

05/02/2025

On 5 February 2025, the Belgian Contact Point to the European Migration Network (EMN) took part in a roundtable in the Senate, focusing on the abandonment of sexual mutilation. The Group for the Abolition of Sexual Mutilation (GAMS) inter alia stressed that it has limited visibility on individuals arriving in Belgium through family reunification, making it more difficult to raise awareness and monitor cases of female genital mutilation in the country.

Theme:
Family Migration
Type:
News item
Keywords:
sexual mutilation
female genital mutilation

The number of visas granted for family reunification in Belgium is increasing in 2024

28/01/2025

According to figures released by the Immigration Office, 20.724 decisions resulted in the granting of visas for family reunification in Belgium in 2024, compared to 18.738 in 2023 and 15.901 the year before. The increase concerns several categories, in particular family reunification with a refugee or beneficiary of subsidiary protection.

Theme:
Family Migration
Type:
News item
Keywords:
family reunification visa
upward trend

Ad Hoc Query on language proficiency requirements on family reunification and pre-entry language tests

05/01/2025

This ad hoc query maps the existence of language requirements prior to entry for family members of beneficiaries of international protection. Responding countries also report on experiences with pre-entry language requirements for other categories of residence permits, when applicable.

Theme:
Family Migration
Publication type:
Ad Hoc Queries
Keywords:
application for family reunification
beneficiary of international protection
language requirement
language learning

Ad Hoc Query on the procedure for family reunification and how to implement the “public order” element to the sponsor

06/12/2024

This ad hoc query looks into which countries verify that the sponsor who applies for family reunification is not a threat to public order when examining the application for family reunification.

Theme:
Family Migration
Publication type:
Ad Hoc Queries
Keywords:
application for family reunification
sponsor
threat to public order

EMN Finland Conference: Between integration and return: Employment and integration of beneficiaries of temporary protection in Finland and Europe

18/10/2024

The 2024 national conference of EMN Finland shall examine the state of play as well as the future prospects of the situation of Ukrainians in Finland and in EU countries. The conference aims to address the challenges of integration in a situation where beneficiaries of temporary protection find themselves between two countries. The conference seeks to support these persons in the limbo between integration and return.

Theme:
Integration
Temporary protection
Return & Readmission
Type:
Event
Keywords:
beneficiary of temporary protection
Ukraine
legal status
voluntary return

Application of the Temporary Protection Directive: challenges and good practices in 2023

26/11/2024

The European Migration Network (EMN) study looks at whether EMN Member Countries implemented any changes in the application of the Temporary Protection Directive (TPD) in 2023 (as compared to 2022) and also aims to identify continued challenges, as well as good practices.

Theme:
Temporary protection
Publication type:
Thematic Studies
Keywords:
Temporary Protection Directive
beneficiary of temporary protection
residence permit
access to rights
vulnerability

Belgium has granted temporary protection status to 1600 unaccompanied minors fleeing Ukraine since March 2022

08/11/2024

Eurostat released data on unaccompanied minors granted temporary protection in 21 EU Member States and all EFTA countries between March 2022 and September 2024. Austria, the Netherlands and Lithuania have granted the most temporary protection statuses, in absolute terms, to unaccompanied minors since March 2022. Belgium has granted temporary protection status to 1600 unaccompanied minors during the same period.

Theme:
Data & Statistics
Temporary protection
Type:
News item
Keywords:
temporary protection
beneficiary of temporary protection
unaccompanied minors
Ukraine

Practices and challenges in identifying victims of torture and ill-treatment in the context of international and temporary protection (EMN - Red Cross Inform)

16/09/2024

In collaboration with the Red Cross EU Office and the Swedish Red Cross, this Inform provides an overview of EMN Member and Observer Countries’ guidance and training on early detection and identification of presumed victims of torture or other forms of inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment in international protection procedures. It outlines procedural safeguards and guidance for asylum authorities when requesting medico-legal documentation in international protection applications, and it also details practices for identifying victims among beneficiaries of temporary protection to provide medical care, in line with the Temporary Protection Directive.

 

Theme:
Vulnerable groups
International Protection
Temporary protection
Publication type:
Informs
Keywords:
victim
torture
ill-treatment
applicant for international protection
beneficiary of temporary protection
Training
medico-legal documentation
mental health
credibility assessment

Family migration represented around 45% of all long-stay visas granted in 2023, according to Myria

12/09/2024

Myria has published the third thematic section of its 2024 annual report. In this section entitled "Right to family life", Myria calls for more accurate, regular and transparent information regarding the family reunification procedure at its various stages, both at the level of diplomatic posts and external service providers, ensuring the accessibility – including linguistic – of this information for the target audience.

Theme:
Family Migration
Type:
News item
Keywords:
long-stay visa
first residence permit
application for family reunification

Various changes to family reunification in Belgium come into force on 1 September 2024

01/09/2024

The law of 10 March 2024 amending the law of 15 December 1980 on the right to family reunification comes into force on 1 September 2024. The changes have an impact among other things on the right to family reunification for parents of accompanied minors with international protection, the right to family reunification for stateless persons, the assessment of minorhood in the asylum procedure or residence procedure for stateless person, etc.

Theme:
Family Migration
Type:
News item
Keywords:
right to family reunification
application for family reunification

Ad Hoc Query on national statuses for persons fleeing the war in Ukraine

30/08/2024

This ad hoc query examines whether EMN Member Countries provide alternative legal statuses, aside from temporary protection, for persons fleeing the war in Ukraine within their national legislation and explores whether these statuses grant certain rights beyond temporary protection. Additionally, it considers whether EMN Member Countries have plans to create and offer beneficiaries of temporary protection a more permanent status, other than international protection, before the expiration of temporary protection.

Theme:
Temporary protection
Publication type:
Ad Hoc Queries
Keywords:
temporary protection
Ukraine
national status
residence permit

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