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Ad Hoc Query on challenges and opportunities in the use of digital services in legal migration procedures

14/12/2025

This ad hoc query, which informed the preparation of an EMN Inform, collected information on how EMN Member and Observer Countries have adapted digital services in legal migration procedures to ensure accessibility and inclusion for applicants with disabilities and digitally disadvantaged applicants. It examined compliance with relevant EU and international frameworks, as well as national legislation. It also explored additional accessibility measures, support for users with special needs, GDPR safeguards, user involvement in service design, and approaches to digital disadvantage, alongside challenges and good practices identified by countries.

Theme:
Economic migration
Family Migration
Student Migration
Citizenship & Nationality
Borders & Visa
Publication type:
Ad Hoc Queries
Keywords:
legal migration
digitalisation
accessibility
inclusion

Ad Hoc Query on residence permits for the purpose of studies of third-country national minors

14/11/2025

This ad hoc query maps the legislation and current practices in EMN Member and Observer Countries regarding the issuance of authorisations to stay for study purposes granted to minors. This mapping includes eligibility criteria, procedural requirements, and information on who assumes responsibility for the minor during their stay in the receiving country.

Theme:
Student Migration
Publication type:
Ad Hoc Queries
Keywords:
residence permit
authorisation to stay
minor
education

Ad Hoc Query on procedures for providing missing or supplementary information in application processes

10/11/2025

This ad hoc query examines whether national procedures allow or require immigration officers to request missing or additional information from applicants for legal migration after an initially incomplete application, and, if so, under what circumstances, to what extent, and within which deadlines.

Theme:
Economic migration
Family Migration
Student Migration
Publication type:
Ad Hoc Queries
Keywords:
legal migration
application for a residence permit
missing information

New Myria thematic report reveals trends in work and study migration in Belgium

19/09/2025

Myria, the Federal Migration Centre, has published a thematic report on economic migration, free movement and students as part of its annual report "Migration in figures and rights 2025". The publication explains trends in labour migration and study-related mobility. It shows that labour migration from outside the EU has slightly decreased, the share of third-country nationals among temporary postings has continued to grow, and student numbers are increasing.

Theme:
Economic migration
Student Migration
Type:
News item
Keywords:
Myria
annual report
labour migration
student migration
temporary posting

Ad Hoc Query on proof of necessary funds in study-based residence permit applications

15/08/2025

This ad hoc query examines how EMN Member and Observer countries verify that third-country nationals applying for residence permits with the purpose of study have sufficient funds to support themselves during their stay. The query also explores trends in the issuance of residence permits for third-country national students and their family members in recent years.

Theme:
Student Migration
Publication type:
Ad Hoc Queries
Keywords:
student
sufficient financial resources
documentary proof
residence permit
application for family reunification

EU Court confirms that student-visa appeals must remain effective through timely decision-making

19/06/2025

On 19 June 2025, the Court of Justice of the European Union delivered a judgment in response to a request from the Brussels Court of First Instance (French-speaking) regarding appeal procedures following the refusal of student visas. The referral followed concerns raised by Belgian lawyers and the NGO CIRÉ, highlighting that late notification of refusals often prevents students from exercising an effective remedy. The Court clarified that, while no urgent procedure is required, national systems must ensure that visa decisions and related appeals are issued in time for a meaningful judicial review.

Theme:
Student Migration
Type:
News item
Keywords:
student visa
refusal
effective remedy

Migrant Education Policy Index (SIRIUS - Migration Policy Group)

01/05/2025

The 2025 SIRIUS Migrant Education Policy Index introduces a novel framework for evaluating inclusive education policies across 15 EU Member States. Structured around seven key dimensions, the Index highlights existing disparities and effective practices in supporting migrant learners. It underscores the urgent need for systemic reforms to ensure equitable and high-quality education for all students, regardless of migration background. The report advocates for a learner-centred approach prioritising structural flexibility, cultural and linguistic inclusion, and coordinated policy interventions.

Theme:
Integration
Student Migration
Publication type:
Report
Keywords:
education policy
Migrant education
migrant student
undocumented student

Enhancing EU Education Policy: Building a Framework to Help Young People of Migrant Background Succeed

Screen shot Sirius policy brief

03/12/2014

This policy brief is part of a series produced by the SIRIUS Network in collaboration with MPI Europe, which focuses on how policies at the EU level and within individual Member States can better support the education outcomes of young people with a migrant background.

Theme:
Student Migration
Integration
Publication type:
Study
Keywords:
education policy
integration policy
migrant pupil need
Social cohesion

First residence permits in Europe issued to non-EU nationals

Logo Eurostat

22/10/2014

Eurostat published data on first residence permits issued to non-EU nationals. A residence permit represents an authorization issued by the competent authorities of a country allowing third-country national (non-EU citizens) to stay legally on its territory.

Theme:
Economic migration
Family Migration
Student Migration
Data & Statistics
Type:
News item
Keywords:
residence permit

New Website: Diploma recognition in Belgium

01/10/2014

This website aims to inform persons who wish to find a salaried job, follow a professional training, become self-employed or study in Belgium about the recognition of foreign diploma.

Theme:
Student Migration
Type:
News item
Keywords:
diploma
recognition

Employment and migration: worker mobility key to tackle EU demographic and skills challenges

Logo European Commission

18/09/2014

The joint European Commission-OECD report on Matching Economic Migration with Labour Market Needs shows that migration and mobility have a key role to play to address demographic decline and skills shortages in the EU.

Theme:
Data & Statistics
Student Migration
Economic migration
Type:
News item
Keywords:
migrants' skills
labour mobility
labour migration
employment
demography

Case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union on the conditions of admission of third-country nationals for study purposes

Court of Justice of the EU Logo

10/09/2014

This request for a preliminary ruling concerns the interpretation of Article 12 of Council Directive 2004/114/EC of 13 December 2004 on the conditions of admission of third-country nationals for the purposes of studies, pupil exchange, unremunerated training or voluntary service.

Theme:
Student Migration
Type:
News item
Keywords:
Court of Justice of the European Union
Directive 2004/114/EC
student mobility
student visa

Minimum monthly amount of livelihoods required from a student who wish to study in Belgium is fixed for 2014-2015

Print screen of Immigration Office notice on student livelihood

11/06/2014

The Immigration Office noticed the minimum monthly amount of livelihoods which is required from a student who wish to study in Belgium during the school or academic year 2014-2015.

Theme:
Student Migration
Type:
News item
Keywords:
livelihood
student

School results in Belgium are still very much determined by socio-economic and migration background

king baudouin foundation

09/05/2014

The school results of students in Belgium are still very much determined by their socio-economic and migration background. This is the key conclusion of the new analysis of the PISA figures on the educational performance of young people in Belgium.

Theme:
Migration
Student Migration
Type:
News item
Keywords:
education
foreign
student
migratory background
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