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Illegal employment of third-country nationals: 2017-2022 situation analysis

19/02/2025

This European Migration Network (EMN) study documents the illegal employment of third-country nationals in EMN Member Countries between 2017-2022. It includes an up-to-date analysis of key legislative and policy frameworks and practices to prevent, identify and tackle the illegal employment of third-country nationals, including beneficiaries of temporary protection. It also provides examples of challenges and good practices.

Theme:
Economic migration
Publication type:
Thematic Studies
Keywords:
illegal employment
third country national
migrant worker
sanction
labour inspection

A new interactive tool helps foreign job seekers identify safe pathways to labour migration

29/01/2025

The European Commission has developed a new interactive tool to map labour migration pathways across the 27 EU Member States. It helps to visualise the 290 pathways that were active at the time of the research and updated to February 2024.

Theme:
Economic migration
Type:
News item
Keywords:
labour migration
legal pathway
foreign job seeker

36.816 people crossed the English Channel in small boats through 2024

03/01/2025

The UK Home Office released provisional figures showing that more than 36.000 people were detected in 2024, making the crossing of the English Channel in small boats. The International Organisation for Migration (IOM) estimates that at least 78 migrants died trying to cross the Channel in 2024.

Theme:
Irregular Migration
Type:
News item
Keywords:
English channel
illegal border crossing
small boat

Third country workers should enjoy equal treatment as regards family allowances, according to the CJEU

19/12/2024

In a recent judgment, the Court of Justice of the European Union stated that a Member State cannot exclude from the benefit of family allowances a foreign worker whose children, born in a third country, cannot prove that they have entered its territory lawfully.

Theme:
Economic migration
Type:
News item
Keywords:
migrant worker
equal treatment
social security
family benefits
minor

EMN Estonia and IOM Estonia joint conference: ´EUs Labour Dilemma: Finding Balance Between Local and Migrant Workers”

03/10/2024

This conference, organised jointly by EMN Estonia and IOM Estonia, focuses on labour shortages in the EU. It will offer insights into sustainable strategies to balance local labour demands while remaining competitive and attractive to migrant workers.

 

Theme:
Economic migration
Type:
Event
Keywords:
labour market
skills shortage
skilled workers
mobility partnership
local labour
competitiveness

Ad Hoc Query on forged documents for the acquisition of a digital nomad residence permit

03/12/2024

This ad hoc query maps the schemes in place across EMN Member and Observer Countries to issue residence permits for so-called “digital nomads”, or persons who work remotely for an employer registered outside of their country of residence. Emphasis is placed on the issue of the use of forged documents in the applications for such permits.

Theme:
Economic migration
Irregular Migration
Publication type:
Ad Hoc Queries
Keywords:
residence permit
digital nomad
forged document

Ad Hoc Query on visas and the right to work

30/11/2024

This ad hoc query examines national regulations and practices concerning the employment of third-country nationals during short stays or visa-free stays, as well as the procedures in place to issue long-stay D-visas for the purpose of employment.

Theme:
Economic migration
Borders & Visa
Publication type:
Ad Hoc Queries
Keywords:
short-stay visa
long-stay visa
right to work
access to employment

Posted workers from and to Belgium: Facts and figures (HIVA – KU Leuven)

01/11/2024

This country report for Belgium prepared in the frame of the POSTING.STAT 2.0 project, examines the characteristics, the scale, and the impact of intra-EU posting from and to Belgium as well as the characteristics and the scale of infringements which are related to it.

Theme:
Economic migration
Publication type:
Report
Keywords:
labour mobility
posted worker
investigation
infringement

EMN Italy Conference: Supporting legal migration for better integration and better development of relations with third countries

26/07/2024

EMN Italy organises a national conference laying focus on attracting international talent and skilled labor and on fostering co-development between Member States and third countries. Through an exchange of experiences and best practices, the legal framework and challenges in this matter will be discussed.

Theme:
Economic migration
Type:
Event
Keywords:
talent mobility
skilled migrants

Ad Hoc Query on employment and recruitment agencies

17/10/2024

This ad hoc query examines whether the legislation of the responding EMN Member Countries allows employment agencies to hire third-country nationals on behalf of their clients. Where this is allowed, the query further investigates the legal framework that enables it, as well as how these agencies are monitored and what restrictions are in place to prevent potential misuse.

Theme:
Economic migration
Publication type:
Ad Hoc Queries
Keywords:
employment agency
recruitment agency
safeguard
exploitation
labour inspection

Ad Hoc Query on labour market tests

06/10/2024

This ad hoc query examines whether the EMN Member Countries implement a labour market test to regulate the employment of third-country nationals. Where a labour market test is implemented, details are provided on the procedure, the exemptions, the criteria for a negative decision, and the possible challenges.

Theme:
Economic migration
Publication type:
Ad Hoc Queries
Keywords:
migrant worker
labour market access
labour market test
skills mobility
foreign workers

Ad Hoc Query on posted workers

06/10/2024

This ad hoc query collects information on national regulations and practices regarding third-country national posted workers, with a focus on additional conditions for the hiring of posted workers (e.g. need to submit a motivated notification to extend the period of employment, sector-specific requirements etc.) and measures to facilitate recruitment in specific sectors or occupations.

Theme:
Economic migration
Publication type:
Ad Hoc Queries
Keywords:
posted worker
labour market need
labour shortage

Posting has become an important factor of mobility for third-country nationals, according to Myria

30/09/2024

Myria has published the fourth thematic section of its 2024 annual report. In this section, entitled « Economic migration, free movement and students » Myria notes that more third-country nationals were posted to Belgium in 2023 than in 2022. Posted workers from third countries are more vulnerable to exploitation than EU-based posted workers. Therefore, they urgently need increased legal protection, according to Myria.

Theme:
Economic migration
Type:
News item
Keywords:
migrant worker
posted worker
exploitation

The European Court of Auditors expresses criticism of the EU Trust Fund for Africa aimed at addressing the root causes of irregular migration

25/09/2024

According to a new report by the European Court of Auditors (ECA), EU Emergency Trust Fund for Africa (EUTF) projects have reported the delivery of many of the planned outputs and partially achieved their objectives. Despite this, the financial support from the EUTF support is still insufficiently focused on the agreed priorities. Furthermore, there are challenges in relation to reporting, ensuring the sustainability of results and safeguarding human rights.

Theme:
Irregular Migration
Type:
News item
Keywords:
EU Emergency Trust Fund
EU Trust Fund for Africa
audit

EMN Belgium contributes to the 8th Conference on Migration Research in Austria

19/09/2024

On 19 September 2024, EMN Belgium presented the findings of its national contribution to the upcoming EMN Study on the Illegal Employment of Third-Country Nationals (2017-2022), in a comparative perspective with the national contributions from EMN Austria and EMN Italy.

Theme:
Economic migration
Type:
News item
Keywords:
illegal employment
third-country nationals
low-skilled workers
chain liability
irregularly staying third-country national

Secretary of State for Asylum and Migration Nicole de Moor calls for solidarity and cooperation within the Union

09/09/2024

In a press release from 9 September 2024, the Secretary of State for Asylum and Migration Nicole de Moor reacted to the Hungarian government’s recent threats to send migrants to Brussels. She advocated for a joint, coordinated policy, in which respect for European values and international obligations are central. 

Theme:
Irregular Migration
Type:
News item
Keywords:
migration instrumentalization
European cooperation
mutual trust

New regulations on economic migration for foreign workers come into force in Wallonia

01/09/2024

The Walloon administration announces that new regulations come into force on 1 September 2024 regarding salaried economic migration for foreign workers in Wallonia. The system remains largely unchanged in its principles, still falling within the broader framework of the Single Permit for work and residence authorization for foreign workers. However, a new decree of the Walloon Government organizes new features and modifications.

Theme:
Economic migration
Type:
News item
Keywords:
foreign workers
employer
single permit
EU blue card

Hungary takes over the Presidency of the Council of the European Union

01/07/2024

On 1 July 2024, Hungary took over the rotating presidency of the Council of the European Union for a duration of six months. Among the country’s seven priorities for its EU presidency are " stemming illegal migration” and bringing the Western Balkans countries “one step closer” to EU membership.

Theme:
Irregular Migration
Type:
News item
Keywords:
Hungarian Presidency

Ad Hoc Query on access to the labour market for third-country nationals during their single permit issuance waiting period

20/06/2024

This ad hoc query looks at the possibility for third-country nationals to begin their employment while waiting for the issuance of their single permit, in order to circumvent lengthy processing times.

Theme:
Economic migration
Publication type:
Ad Hoc Queries
Keywords:
single permit
processing time
access to work
labour market access

The Council of the EU agrees its position on the proposal for an EU Talent Pool

13/06/2024

On 13 June 2024, the Council of the European Union agreed its position on the proposal for an EU Talent Pool to facilitate the recruitment of talent from third countries who live outside the EU, to make the EU labour market more competitive and to tackle shortages on the European labour market.

Theme:
Economic migration
Type:
News item
Keywords:
EU Talent Pool
shortage occupation
talent mobility

Ad Hoc Query on au-pair regulations

16/05/2024

This ad hoc query seeks to compare the au pair regulations of the EMN Member and Observer Countries to reduce the vulnerability of au pairs and prevent possible abuse of the programme in the Netherlands.

Theme:
Economic migration
Publication type:
Ad Hoc Queries
Keywords:
au pair
residence permit
sponsor
financial requirement

Ad Hoc Query on the recognition of third-country qualifications for the profession of doctor with basic medical training

05/05/2024

This ad hoc query maps the existing procedures in EMN Member and Observer Countries to obtain the recognition of third-country qualifications for the profession of doctor with basic medical training. It looks into the requirements in place, including linguistic criteria, the cost of the procedure for the applicant, and the number of applications received and processed in 2023.

Theme:
Economic migration
Publication type:
Ad Hoc Queries
Keywords:
recognition of qualifications
doctor
labour shortages

Ad Hoc Query on recognition of documents in unregulated professions

25/04/2024

This ad hoc query explores the procedures in place across EMN Member and Observer Countries to recognise documents required to engage in “regulated professions” versus “unregulated professions”, as set out in Article 5 of Directive (EU) 2021/1883 on the conditions of entry and residence of third-country nationals for the purpose of highly qualified employment.

 

Theme:
Economic migration
Publication type:
Ad Hoc Queries
Keywords:
standard of proof
qualification
regulated profession
unregulated profession

EMN Lithuania National Conference 2024: Navigating a Changing Labour Migration Landscape in Lithuania and EMN Countries

12/03/2024

As the demand for migrant workers increases amid persistent labour shortages and geopolitical shifts in Central and Eastern Europe, this conference will delve into the ways countries attempt to attract migrants, ensure ethical recruitment, and implement labour market integration policies. 

Theme:
Economic migration
Type:
Event
Keywords:
labour migration
labour shortage
Eastern Europe

The Council of the EU formally adopts the revised Single Permit Directive

12/04/2024

On Friday 12 April 2024, the Council of the European Union adopted the revised Single Permit Directive which defines the procedure for obtaining a single permit to work and reside in the EU with a common set of rights for third-country workers. The revision provides for a shortened application procedure and aims to strengthen the rights of third-country workers by allowing a change of employer and a limited period of unemployment. 

Theme:
Economic migration
Type:
News item
Keywords:
single permit directive
recast

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