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  • News (78)
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  • EMN Studies (8)
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Ad Hoc Query on extension of SIS alerts

28/10/2025

This ad hoc query examines the extension of alerts in the Schengen Information System (SIS) under Article 3 of Regulation 2018/1860 for persons who don’t leave the territory and whose alert is approaching its expiration date.

Theme:
Irregular Migration
Publication type:
Ad Hoc Queries
Keywords:
Schengen Information System
alert on return
extension
individual review

Measuring and analysing the social and labour rights of irregularly staying migrants: New indicators for twenty-eight European countries (PRIME)

01/06/2025

This research paper introduces the "IRMIGRIGHT", the first bespoke database of social and labour rights of irregularly staying migrants in twenty-eight European countries. A number of findings emerge from the data analysis, including the fact that, on average, irregularly staying migrants have significantly weaker social rights than labour rights.

Theme:
Irregular Migration
Publication type:
Study
Keywords:
irregularly staying third-country national
social right
labour right

Ad Hoc Query on forged documents for the acquisition of a digital nomad residence permit

03/12/2024

This ad hoc query maps the schemes in place across EMN Member and Observer Countries to issue residence permits for so-called “digital nomads”, or persons who work remotely for an employer registered outside of their country of residence. Emphasis is placed on the issue of the use of forged documents in the applications for such permits.

Theme:
Economic migration
Irregular Migration
Publication type:
Ad Hoc Queries
Keywords:
residence permit
digital nomad
forged document

Ad Hoc Query on access to education and employment for irregularly staying migrants

11/10/2023

In response to the growing awareness of the barriers for irregularly staying adult migrants to access higher education, vocational training and employment, the Netherlands sought to map out existing legislation and practices in other EMN Member countries to facilitate this access.

Theme:
Economic migration
Student Migration
Irregular Migration
Publication type:
Ad Hoc Queries
Keywords:
access to education
access to employment
irregularly staying third-country national

Ad Hoc Query on the possibility of concluding a marriage between a European citizen and a third-country national who resides illegally on the territory

02/03/2023

In the Czech Republic, a marriage can, under the current legislation, only take place if both parties have legal residence on the territory. By launching this ad hoc query, the Czech National Contact Point (NCP) to the European Migration Network (EMN) wanted to know more about the existing practices in other Member Countries.

Theme:
Family Migration
Irregular Migration
Publication type:
Ad Hoc Queries
Keywords:
marriage of convenience
illegal stay

Ad Hoc Query on unaccompanied minors with coexisting problems and without residence permit

25/10/2022

Unaccompanied minors who have little or no perspective of receiving a residence permit within EU Member States, may have co-existing problems such as mental health issues or substance addiction. This ad hoc query examines how EU Member States deal with this specific group and how they could improve the reception and supervision of these young persons.

Theme:
Vulnerable groups
Reception
International Protection
Irregular Migration
Publication type:
Ad Hoc Queries
Keywords:
unaccompanied minors
mental health
criminality

The effectiveness of return in Belgium and other Member States (EMN)

08/08/2018

This EMN study aims at analysing the impact of EU rules on return policies and practices of Member States (including Belgium), and hence on the effectiveness of return decisions issued across the EU.

Theme:
Irregular Migration
Return & Readmission
Publication type:
Thematic Studies
Keywords:
return directive

Migrants' movements through the Mediterranean (EMN Policy Brief - UPDATE)

01/12/2017

This EMN Policy Brief examines trends in applications for international protection and irregular movements of third-country national migrants across the EU and Norway. It focuses on the period 2012 - 2016 and – where data is available - up to August 2017. This is an update of the Policy Brief published in December 2015.

Theme:
International Protection
Borders & Visa
Irregular Migration
Smuggling & Trafficking
Publication type:
Informs
Keywords:
asylum applications
asylum decisions
Mediterranean
migratory route
secondary movement

Illegal Employment of Third-Country Nationals in the EU (EMN Inform)

25/08/2017

This EMN Inform summarizes the main findings of the EMN study "The Illegal Employment of Third-Country Nationals in the EU".

Theme:
Economic migration
Irregular Migration
Return & Readmission
Smuggling & Trafficking
Publication type:
Informs

Awareness and image of voluntary return - the perspective of irregular migrants and their representatives in Belgium (KUL)

Front page - Study on awareness and image of voluntary return (KUL)

10/05/2016

What image do irregular migrants and their representatives have of voluntary return? Is voluntary return well-known? These topics are the focus of a study carried out by the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KUL).

Theme:
Irregular Migration
Return & Readmission
Publication type:
Study
Keywords:
voluntary return

Undocumented Migrants and the Europe 2020 Strategy: Making Social Inclusion a Reality for all Migrants in Europe (PICUM)

Front page - Undocumented migrants and the Europe 2020 Strategy

10/05/2016

This study, published by the Platform for International Cooperation on Undocumented Migrants (PICUM), focuses on links between the Europe 2020 Strategy and undocumented migrants.

Theme:
Irregular Migration
Integration
Publication type:
Study
Keywords:
EU 2020 Strategy
social inclusion
undocumented migrants

Ad Hoc Query on illegal working

28/01/2016

22 (Member) States provided information on their practices regarding illegally working migrants, more precisely on whether this is considered a criminal offence and what possible sanctions they face. This query was launched by the British National Contact Point.

Theme:
Economic migration
Irregular Migration
Publication type:
Ad Hoc Queries
Keywords:
illegal work
irregularly staying third-country national

Migrants' movements through the Mediterranean (EMN Policy Brief)

Cover page of EMN Policy Brief Migrants' movements through the Mediterranean

05/01/2016

This EMN Policy Brief presents key data on the irregular movements of people across the EU external borders and within the European Union itself, whether as asylum-seekers or as migrants, over the past few years and including the first nine months of 2015.

Theme:
Asylum
Irregular Migration
Data & Statistics
Publication type:
Thematic Studies
Keywords:
asylum applications
asylum decisions
Mediterranean
migratory route
secondary movement

Migrants' movements through the Mediterranean (EMN Inform)

First page of the EMN Inform Migrant's movements through the Mediterranean

05/01/2016

This EMN Inform shows how movements of asylum-seekers, migrants and displaced persons to the EU have changed and evolved in 2015.

Theme:
Asylum
Irregular Migration
Data & Statistics
Publication type:
Informs
Keywords:
Mediterranean
migration route
secondary movement

Dissemination of Information on Voluntary Return: how to reach irregular migrants not in contact with the authorities (EMN Inform)

Cover Image EMN Inform Dissemination of information on voluntary return

03/11/2015

This EMN Inform summarises the main findings of the EMN Study "Dissemination of Information on Voluntary Return: how to reach irregular migrants not in contact with the authorities".

Theme:
Irregular Migration
Return & Readmission
Publication type:
Informs
Keywords:
voluntary return

Dissemination of information on voluntary return in Belgium and in the EU: how to reach irregular migrants not in contact with the authorities (EMN)

Cover image EU synthesis on dissemination of information on voluntary return

17/09/2015

This EMN study analyses and compares the different approaches used by Member States to ensure irregular migrants are informed of options for return.

Theme:
Irregular Migration
Return & Readmission
Publication type:
EMN Reports & Studies
Keywords:
voluntary return

Cost of exclusion from healthcare: The case of migrants in an irregular situation (FRA)

07/09/2015

This report by the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights aims to estimate the economic cost of providing timely access to healthcare for migrants in an irregular situation, compared with providing treatment only in emergency cases.

Theme:
Irregular Migration
Publication type:
Report
Keywords:
healthcare

Irregular immigration in the EU: Facts and Figures (EP Think Tank)

Cover picture EPRS Briefing irregular migration

04/04/2015

The European Parliament Think Tank has published a briefing presenting facts and figures about irregular immigration in the EU.

Theme:
Irregular Migration
Data & Statistics
Keywords:
illegal border crossing
illegal entry
illegal stay
obligation to leave the territory

Frontex Annual Risk Analysis (ARA) 2015

01/04/2015

The Frontex Annual Risk Analysis (ARA) presents a European summary of trends and developments along the external borders of the Member States of the EU.

Theme:
Borders & Visa
Irregular Migration
Publication type:
Report
Keywords:
entry refusal
illegal border crossing
irregular entry
irregular stay
obligation to leave the territory

Good practices in the return and reintegration of irregular migrants: entry bans policy and use of readmission agreements (EMN Inform)

EMN Inform return and readmission

11/12/2014

This Inform summarizes the main findings of the corresponding EMN study aimed at analyzing Member States’ use of entry bans and readmission agreements as the EU main policy measures to implement effective return policies

Theme:
Irregular Migration
Return & Readmission
Publication type:
Informs
Keywords:
entry ban
forced return
readmission agreement
return directive

Good practices in the return and reintegration of irregular migrants in Belgium and in the EU (EMN)

Screen shot study return and readmission

11/12/2014

This focused study presents an analysis of (Member) States’ use of entry bans and readmission agreements and also identify good practices in this field, including possible synergies in the implementation of return and reintegration measures.

Theme:
Irregular Migration
Return & Readmission
Publication type:
Thematic Studies
Keywords:
entry ban
forced return
readmission agreement
return directive

When the best option is a leaky boat: why migrants risk their lives crossing the Mediterranean and what Europe is doing about it (MPC)

04/12/2014

This policy brief, produced by the Migration Policy Centre, focuses on immigration to Europe via the Mediterranean and related issues such as smuggling, sea routes, Mare Nostrum and risks encountered by migrants. It also provides statistics and data.

Theme:
Irregular Migration
Smuggling & Trafficking
Publication type:
Study
Keywords:
boat migrant
human smuggling
Mare Nostrum
Mediterranean
migrant death

The use of detention and alternatives to detention in the context of immigration policies (EMN Inform)

Cover page EMN Inform

03/11/2014

This Inform summarizes the main findings of the corresponding EMN study aimed at analyzing Member States’ use of detention and alternatives to detention in the context of immigration policies

Theme:
Irregular Migration
Return & Readmission
Publication type:
Informs
Keywords:
alternative to detention
detention

The use of detention and alternatives to detention in the context of immigration policies in Belgium and in the EU (EMN)

Cover report EMN Study use of detention and alternatives to detention

03/11/2014

This focused study presents an analysis of (Member) States use of detention and alternatives to detention in the context of immigration policies and identifies similarities, differences and good practices in this field

Theme:
Irregular Migration
Return & Readmission
Publication type:
Thematic Studies
Keywords:
alternative to detention
detention

Fatal journeys: Tracking Lives Lost During Migration (IOM)

30/09/2014

The report, compiled under IOM’s Missing Migrants Project, indicates Europe is the world’s most dangerous destination for “irregular” migration, costing the lives of over 3,000 migrants this year.

Theme:
Irregular Migration
Keywords:
Mediterranean
smuggled migrant
migrant death

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