The definition of a frontier worker has been broadened and clarified. Under the previous framework, a frontier worker was a person employed in Belgium who resided in a neighbouring country and normally returned there every day or at least once a week. The new framework covers employees, self-employed persons and posted workers. For third-country nationals, the main residence must remain in a country neighbouring Belgium, and they must normally return there each day. They may exceptionally remain in Belgium for longer for work-related reasons, but must return to their main residence within seven days. The new rules apply to third-country nationals whose main residence is in France, Germany, Luxembourg or the Netherlands, as well as to those residing in the United Kingdom.

The documents and procedures applicable to frontier workers have also changed. Under the previous framework, third-country national frontier workers residing in a neighbouring country were issued an Annex 15 after reporting their first arrival to the municipality where they worked. Under the new framework, those residing in France, Germany, Luxembourg or the Netherlands must apply for a frontier worker document (Annex 64) from the municipality where they usually work, within eight working days of their first entry into Belgium. The application must include a valid travel document, a valid residence document issued by the neighbouring EU Member State and proof that the person is authorised to work in Belgium. Depending on their status, this may take the form of a Belgian work permit or authorisation to work, a professional card or proof of posting. The frontier worker document is valid for the duration of the work permit or authorisation, professional card or posting, up to a maximum of one year, and may be renewed. It provides a right to enter and leave Belgium for more than 90 days but does not constitute a right of residence or, in itself, a right to carry out professional activity in Belgium.

A separate procedure applies to third-country nationals whose main residence is in the United Kingdom. They must submit their application to the competent Belgian diplomatic or consular post in the United Kingdom. The document takes the form of a long-stay visa without residence, allowing the holder to enter and leave Belgium for more than 90 days. Applicants must provide, among other documents, proof that they are authorised to work in Belgium and a recent criminal record extract. The document is valid for the duration of the work permit or authorisation, professional card or posting, up to a maximum of one year, and may be renewed.

Transitional arrangements apply to frontier workers already holding an Annex 15 when the new rules entered into force. They must comply with the new framework within 12 months of its entry into force, meaning by 15 August 2027.

For further information, please consult the Immigration Office website.