The Council of Europe’s Group of Experts on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings (GRETA) has published its fourth evaluation report on Belgium, covering the period from July 2022 to June 2026. The report examines vulnerabilities to trafficking, measures to prevent and detect them, and the identification, protection and assistance of victims. It also assesses investigations and prosecutions and the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in trafficking. GRETA identifies a number of areas where further action is needed to strengthen Belgium’s response to human trafficking.

The European Commission has proposed a five-point plan to strengthen the resilience and security of the EU’s external borders and improve preparedness for sudden mass arrivals. The plan sets out actions for the Commission, Member States and EU Justice and Home Affairs (JHA) agencies in five areas, covering cooperation with partner countries, border management, monitoring and early warning, action against migrant smuggling and trafficking, and returns.

The European Commission has sent a letter of formal notice to Belgium and 19 other EU Member States for failing to communicate the complete transposition of the revised EU Anti-Trafficking Directive. The Commission sent the letters on 25 September 2026, after the deadline for Member States to transpose the Directive into national law had expired.

Belgium participated in an international law enforcement operation targeting human trafficking for labour exploitation in the restaurant sector. Coordinated across five European countries on 18 September 2026, the operation focused on a criminal network suspected of exploiting mainly Indian nationals. In Belgium, one restaurant was inspected as part of the coordinated action, which led to two arrests and the identification of more than 70 potential victims.

Belgian coastal police zones tested drone surveillance during summer 2026 as part of efforts to prevent irregular crossings to the United Kingdom by small boats. Following an evaluation meeting on 10 September, the West Flanders acting governor announced plans to develop the approach on a structural basis in 2027, subject to external funding.

Belgium and the United Kingdom have signed a Law Enforcement Cooperation Agreement (LECA) aimed at strengthening cooperation between their law enforcement authorities. The agreement will facilitate faster and more autonomous intelligence sharing and support joint action against migrant smuggling and other forms of serious and organised crime.

Europol and the European Labour Authority (ELA) are strengthening their cooperation on labour exploitation, trafficking in human beings, fraud and related serious and organised crime. On 2 September 2026, the two agencies signed a Working Arrangement providing a framework for information exchange and further cooperation in areas of shared interest.

Belgium’s new Criminal Code enters into force on 1 September 2026. Among its provisions relevant to migration, Articles 258 to 264 set out rules on human trafficking and human smuggling, including their definitions, aggravated forms, penalties and specific provisions concerning victims.

The Ghent division of the East Flanders Court of First Instance has convicted 33 defendants in the Lotus case for human trafficking with aggravating circumstances and leadership or participation in a criminal organisation. The organisation recruited more than 100 financially vulnerable Chinese women and exploited them in prostitution in Belgium and other European countries. Four defendants were also convicted of human trafficking resulting in the death of a victim. Prison sentences of up to seven years, fines and confiscation orders were imposed.

On World Day against Trafficking in Persons, the Council of Europe’s Group of Experts on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings (GRETA) joined the Inter-Agency Coordination Group against Trafficking in Persons (ICAT) in calling for victims of trafficking who are forced to commit crimes to be protected rather than punished. The two bodies highlight the growing prevalence of trafficking for forced criminality, particularly in scam operations, and call for stronger measures to identify and protect victims.

Belgium officially launched its participation in the United Nations Blue Heart Campaign on 27 July 2026 in Namur, ahead of the World Day against Trafficking in Persons on 30 July. Coordinated by the Federal Public Service (FPS) Justice together with several national and international partners, the 2026 campaign focuses on trafficking in human beings for the purpose of forced online fraud.

The European Union agencies Europol and Frontex have signed a new Working Arrangement to strengthen their cooperation in addressing cross-border threats affecting the European Union. The agreement replaces the 2015 arrangement and takes into account the expanded mandates of both agencies, providing an updated framework for the secure exchange of information, including for operational purposes.

The European Commission and the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy have proposed a new horizontal EU sanctions regime targeting migrant smuggling, trafficking in human beings and other serious forms of organised crime. The proposed framework would allow the European Union to impose restrictive measures on individuals and entities involved in such activities originating outside the EU where they pose a serious threat to the Union's values, the security of the EU and its Member States, or to international security. The proposals will now be examined by the Council.

The new Directive on the rights, support and protection of victims of crime revises the EU framework on the rights of people who are victims of criminal offences, including victims of violence, victims of trafficking in human beings, child victims of sexual exploitation, and victims of terrorism. It introduces measures to improve access to information, support and protection, facilitate the reporting of crime and strengthen victims’ rights in criminal proceedings.

Belgium has contributed to Operation Global Chain 2026, a large-scale international law enforcement operation targeting human trafficking networks. Coordinated across 59 countries, the operation took place from 8 to 12 June 2026 and focused on trafficking for sexual exploitation, forced criminality and forced begging, with a particular focus on underage victims. In Belgium, a police operation in Charleroi and Verviers led to the dismantling of a trafficking network and the identification of 22 minor victims.

Coastal rescue services along the Belgian North Sea are being briefed on how to respond to increased small boat activity linked to attempted irregular crossings towards the United Kingdom. The sessions aim to strengthen awareness and improve coordination with relevant authorities ahead of the start of the beach surveillance season.

Belgian Minister for Asylum and Migration Anneleen Van Bossuyt is carrying out a visit to the Democratic Republic of Congo. The visit takes place in the context of a marked increase in asylum applications from Congolese nationals in Belgium in recent years. The mission aims to discourage unfounded asylum applications, address the misuse of visa procedures, counter document fraud and misleading messages from smugglers, and strengthen cooperation on return and the fight against irregular migration. 

Belgian judicial and law enforcement authorities contributed to an operation targeting a criminal network supplying small boats for migrant crossings. Four high-level suspects were arrested in Germany and are expected to be extradited to Belgium for prosecution in Bruges. Searches in Germany and Belgium resulted in the seizure of boats, engines, life jackets, cash, and other equipment used in the smuggling activities.

On 24 March 2026, Europol has launched the European Centre Against Migrant Smuggling (ECAMS) in The Hague. The centre is intended to strengthen the EU’s response to migrant smuggling networks. It focuses on intelligence-led, data-driven and financial investigations. The initiative builds on over a decade of operational work, including the European Migrant Smuggling Centre established in 2016, which supported Member States through arrests, network dismantling and joint operations.

Authorities in Belgium have reported a notable increase in migrant smuggling attempts along the country’s North Sea coast in recent weeks, prompting enhanced law enforcement action and efforts to strengthen international cooperation. Federal and local police forces have stepped up patrols and arrests as part of a broader response to the phenomenon, while Belgium and the United Kingdom are exploring closer collaboration to address the cross-border dimension.

Myria has released its first comprehensive mapping of quantitative data on minor victims of human trafficking and aggravated forms of smuggling in Belgium. The report aims to provide a clearer statistical basis for understanding the situation of minors at risk, while also highlighting structural gaps in current data collection and sharing practices.

Child Focus and Payoke have signed a collaboration protocol to better detect, support, and protect minors who are victims of sexual exploitation. The agreement establishes fixed contact points, faster coordination for urgent cases, and tailored referrals, aiming to ensure that victims receive appropriate assistance without having to repeat their story.

The European Commission has launched a new EU-wide awareness campaign to address human trafficking. Under the slogan “End human trafficking. Break the invisible chain”, the initiative seeks to make this often hidden crime more visible to the public. Around 10.000 victims are identified each year across the European Union, while many more remain undetected. The campaign calls on citizens to recognise the signs of exploitation, report concerns and help support victims.

From 3 to 7 November 2025, the Group of Experts on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings (GRETA) conducted an evaluation visit to Belgium under the fourth cycle of its monitoring of the Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings. The evaluation focuses on vulnerabilities to trafficking, the measures taken to prevent and detect them, support victims, and sanction perpetrators, with particular attention to the role of information and communication technologies.

On 20 October 2025, around 200 Belgian actors and European partners gathered to mark thirty years of the fight against human trafficking in Belgium, highlighting both the strengths of a multidisciplinary and specialised system based on collaboration and information sharing, and the ongoing challenges, such as limited resources, difficulties in securing compensation for victims, the protection of minors, and adapting to emerging forms of trafficking.