This report was commissioned by the Norwegian Directoratie of Immigration (UDI) and managed by Econ Pöyry. The study provides an overview of rules and practices in Norway, Sweden, Germany, Denmark and the Netherlands.

The European Commission published on 26 September 2014 a handbook to help EU Member States take action against marriages of convenience between EU citizens and non-EU nationals in the context of EU law on free movement. The Commission prepared the handbook in close cooperation with Member States.