The Policy Paper supports the effective transposition and implementation of the revised EU Anti-Trafficking Directive (Directive (EU) 2024/1712), in particular the requirement for EU Member States to establish National Referral Mechanisms (NRMs) and appoint national focal points. It provides an EU-wide overview of the structure and functioning of NRMs and cross-border referral arrangements, based on a comparative analysis across all 27 Member States. It identifies key developments, remaining challenges and areas for further action.